By whom was the Tasmanian devil discovered?

Travel Destinations

By Kristy Tolley

Tasmanian Devil Discovery

The Tasmanian devil is a carnivorous marsupial native to the island state of Tasmania, Australia. It is a unique and fascinating species that has captured the attention of scientists and the public alike. The discovery of the Tasmanian devil is a story that spans centuries and involves Indigenous Tasmanians, European explorers, and pioneering scientists.

First Encounter: Indigenous Tasmanians

The Tasmanian devil has been known to Indigenous Tasmanians for thousands of years. They called it "purinina" and included it as a significant character in their stories and artwork. The devil played an essential role in their culture, and they used its fur and bones for tools and decorations. The Indigenous Tasmanians also believed that the devil was a powerful and dangerous creature and included it in their spiritual beliefs.

European Discovery: Abel Tasman

The first European to sight Tasmania was the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642. However, it was not until 1772 that the first recorded sighting of a Tasmanian devil occurred. It was observed by the French explorer Marion Dufresne, who described it as a "large black dog" and noted its powerful jaws and ferocious temperament. Following Marion’s observations, the Tasmanian devil became known to European explorers, traders, and settlers.

Scientific Classification: George Harris

The Tasmanian devil was first scientifically described by George Harris in 1807. Harris was a surgeon and naturalist who collected many specimens of Tasmanian flora and fauna. He classified the devil as Dasyurus ursinus, which means "hairy-tailed mouse" due to its mouse-like appearance and furry tail. This classification was later changed to Sarcophilus harrisii, in honor of Harris.

Early Studies: John Gould

The English ornithologist John Gould was the first to conduct detailed studies of the Tasmanian devil in the mid-19th century. Gould’s drawings and descriptions of the devil were widely published and helped to increase public awareness of the species. Gould noted the devil’s unique features, such as its black fur, large head, and powerful jaws, and described its behavior as solitary and nocturnal.

Unique Features: Size, Appearance & Behavior

The Tasmanian devil is a medium-sized marsupial that can grow up to 30 inches long and weigh up to 26 pounds. It is known for its black fur, which is interspersed with white markings on its chest and rump. The devil’s head is large and powerful, and it has a distinctive jaw that can open up to 80 degrees, allowing it to produce a loud, piercing screech. Tasmanian devils are solitary and nocturnal, and they have a reputation for being aggressive and fearless hunters.

Threats to Survival: Disease & Habitat Loss

The Tasmanian devil faces many threats to its survival, including habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting, and disease. The devil is susceptible to a contagious cancer known as Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD), which has killed up to 90% of some populations. Habitat fragmentation also poses a significant threat, as it reduces the devil’s ability to move freely and find mates.

Conservation Efforts & Captive Breeding

Conservation efforts for the Tasmanian devil include captive breeding programs, habitat restoration, and public education campaigns. The Save the Tasmanian Devil Program (STDP) was established in 2003 to coordinate conservation efforts and research into DFTD. Captive breeding programs have been successful in breeding and releasing Tasmanian devils into the wild, helping to boost populations.

Genetic Research & Discovery

Genetic research into the Tasmanian devil has revealed fascinating insights into the species’ history and biology. It has shown that the devil has a low genetic diversity, making it vulnerable to disease and other threats. Genetic research has also identified genes associated with immunity to DFTD, which could help to develop a vaccine or treatment for the disease.

Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumor Disease

Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD) is a contagious cancer that affects the devil’s face and mouth. The disease is transmitted through biting, which is a common behavior among Tasmanian devils during mating and fighting. DFTD has devastated Tasmanian devil populations, and efforts to control the disease are ongoing.

Ongoing Research & Management

Research into the Tasmanian devil is ongoing, with a focus on understanding the disease, genetics, and behavior of the species. Management strategies for the devil include captive breeding, habitat restoration, and disease control measures. The future of the Tasmanian devil depends on continued research and conservation efforts.

Conclusion: A Fascinating and Endangered Species

The Tasmanian devil is a fascinating and unique species that has captured the world’s attention. From its discovery by Indigenous Tasmanians to its scientific classification by George Harris and early studies by John Gould, the devil has a rich history. However, the devil now faces significant threats to its survival, including disease and habitat loss. Ongoing research and conservation efforts are crucial to ensure the survival of this iconic species.

Photo of author

Kristy Tolley

Kristy Tolley, an accomplished editor at TravelAsker, boasts a rich background in travel content creation. Before TravelAsker, she led editorial efforts at Red Ventures Puerto Rico, shaping content for Platea English. Kristy's extensive two-decade career spans writing and editing travel topics, from destinations to road trips. Her passion for travel and storytelling inspire readers to embark on their own journeys.

Leave a Comment