Introduction to Harlech Castle
Harlech Castle is a medieval fortress located in Gwynedd, North Wales. It was built in the late 13th century by Edward I as part of his conquest of Wales. The castle played a significant role in Welsh history, particularly during the Wars of the Roses, and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986.
What is a Shell Keep?
A shell keep, also known as a concentric castle, is a type of castle design that features multiple defensive walls and towers arranged in concentric circles. This design was developed in the 12th century and became popular in the 13th century. The outer walls of the shell keep were often built on top of existing earthworks or natural features, such as hills or cliffs, for added protection.
The History of Harlech Castle
Harlech Castle was built in the late 13th century by Edward I as part of his plan to consolidate his control over Wales. The castle was strategically located near the coast and served as a key stronghold in Edward’s campaign. During the Wars of the Roses in the 15th century, Harlech Castle was a crucial base for the Lancastrian forces. It was besieged by the Yorkist army for seven years before finally surrendering in 1468.
The Architecture of Harlech Castle
Harlech Castle is an example of a concentric castle design, with two outer walls and a central keep. The outer walls are built on a rock outcrop and incorporate natural features such as cliffs into their design. The inner walls have a polygonal shape and are flanked by round towers. The central keep is rectangular in shape and features a large hall and living quarters.
The Debate Over Harlech Castle’s Shell Keep
There has been much debate among historians and archaeologists over whether or not Harlech Castle originally had a shell keep. Some argue that the castle’s design and strategic location make a shell keep a logical addition. Others point to the lack of evidence for a shell keep, such as the absence of archer slits in the outer walls.
Evidence For a Shell Keep at Harlech Castle
One piece of evidence that suggests Harlech Castle may have had a shell keep is the presence of a large, circular platform within the castle walls. This platform could have been the base of a shell keep tower. Additionally, the design of the castle’s outer walls, with their multiple layers of defense, is similar to other castles with shell keeps.
Evidence Against a Shell Keep at Harlech Castle
There are several pieces of evidence that suggest Harlech Castle did not originally have a shell keep. One is the lack of archer slits in the outer walls, which would have been a standard feature of a shell keep. Additionally, the castle’s central keep is rectangular in shape, which is not typical of a shell keep design.
Possible Reasons for the Absence of a Shell Keep
If Harlech Castle did not originally have a shell keep, there are several possible reasons why. One is that the castle was built on a natural rock outcrop, which may have made it difficult to construct a shell keep. Another is that the castle’s strategic location near the coast may have made a shell keep unnecessary, as it was already well-protected by the sea and natural defenses.
Other Defenses of Harlech Castle
Even without a shell keep, Harlech Castle was still a formidable fortress. Its outer walls, built on a rocky outcrop, were difficult to breach. The castle also had a water supply from a well within its walls, making it less vulnerable to siege.
The Importance of Harlech Castle in Welsh History
Harlech Castle played a significant role in Welsh history as a symbol of Welsh resistance against English rule. During the Wars of the Roses, the castle was a key base for the Lancastrian forces and a symbol of their struggle against the Yorkists. Today, the castle is a popular tourist attraction and a reminder of Wales’ rich history.
Conclusion: What We Know About Harlech Castle’s Shell Keep
The debate over whether or not Harlech Castle originally had a shell keep is ongoing. While there is some evidence to support the possibility of a shell keep, there are also several pieces of evidence that suggest the castle did not have one. Regardless of whether or not the castle had a shell keep, it remains an impressive example of medieval castle design and a reminder of Wales’ rich history.
Further Research and Visit Harlech Castle
Visitors to Harlech Castle can explore the castle’s various levels, including the central keep, and learn more about its history. For those interested in further research, there are many resources available online and in print about the castle’s design, history, and possible shell keep.