Edinburgh Castle is a historic fortress located in the heart of Scotland’s capital city. It is one of the most famous landmarks in the country and attracts millions of visitors each year. But when was Edinburgh Castle constructed, and who built it? In this article, we will take a look at the castle’s early history and its various constructions throughout the centuries.
Early History of Edinburgh Castle
The site where Edinburgh Castle now stands has a rich and fascinating history that dates back to the Iron Age. The hill on which the castle sits was once home to a fortification known as Din Eidyn, which was likely built by the Gododdin people in the 5th or 6th century AD. Over the centuries, the site was used by various groups, including the Angles, Scots, and Vikings, as a strategic stronghold.
The First Castle
The first castle that was constructed on the site of Edinburgh Castle was likely built by King Edwin of Northumbria in the 7th century AD. The castle was made of wood and was used as a defensive structure to protect the area from invading forces. However, the castle was destroyed by the Scots in the 9th century AD.
The Second Castle
The second castle was constructed in the 12th century AD by King David I of Scotland. This castle was made of stone and was designed to be a royal residence. It was also used as a military stronghold to protect the city from English invasion.
David I and the Third Castle
David I was responsible for the construction of the third castle, which was completed in the 13th century AD. This castle was also made of stone and was designed to be a fortress to protect the city from invading forces. It was during this time that the castle became a royal residence and was used by the Scottish monarchs for centuries.
The Fourth Castle
The fourth castle was constructed in the 14th century AD and was designed to be a larger and more impressive version of the third castle. It was built during the reign of King Robert II and was used as a military stronghold to protect the city from English invasion.
Mary Queen of Scots and the Fifth Castle
The fifth castle was constructed in the 16th century AD during the reign of Mary Queen of Scots. This castle was designed to be a lavish royal residence and was used as such until the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when it became a military barracks.
The Sixth Castle
The sixth castle was constructed in the 17th century AD and was designed to be a more modern and practical military fortress. It was during this time that many of the castle’s iconic features, such as the Half Moon Battery and the Portcullis Gate, were added.
The Great Hall and Other Additions
The Great Hall was added to the castle in the 15th century AD and was designed to be a grand reception hall for the Scottish monarchs. Other notable additions to the castle include the Crown Square, the Royal Palace, and the Scottish National War Memorial.
The Modern Era
In the modern era, Edinburgh Castle has become one of Scotland’s most popular tourist attractions and is visited by millions of people each year. It has also played an important role in Scottish history, serving as a military fortress, a royal residence, and a symbol of Scottish pride.
Conclusion
Edinburgh Castle is a fascinating and iconic landmark that has played an important role in Scottish history for centuries. From its early beginnings as a wooden fortification to its current status as a popular tourist attraction, the castle has seen many transformations throughout the years. Its rich history and grandeur make it a must-see destination for anyone visiting Scotland.
References and Further Reading
- Edinburgh Castle. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.edinburghcastle.scot/
- Historic Environment Scotland. (n.d.). Edinburgh Castle. Retrieved from https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit-a-place/places/edinburgh-castle/
- Mackenzie, W. M. (1890). Edinburgh Castle: A Short History of the Oldest Fortress in Scotland. Edinburgh: William Brown.
