What is Victoria Falls?
Victoria Falls is a natural wonder located on the Zambezi River, on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe in Southern Africa. It is one of the world’s largest waterfalls, with a width of 1,708 meters (5,604 feet) and a height of over 100 meters (328 feet). The falls were named after the British Queen Victoria by David Livingstone, a Scottish explorer, who was the first European to discover them in 1855.
The Geology of Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls is formed by a basalt plateau on the Zambezi River. The plateau was formed by volcanic activity about 180 million years ago and has been eroded over time by the river, creating a series of gorges and waterfalls. The falls are located in the middle of the Zambezi River, where the river flows over a steep drop in the plateau, forming an impressive curtain of water.
The Zambezi River and Victoria Falls
The Zambezi River is the fourth-longest river in Africa, stretching for 2,574 kilometers (1,599 miles) from its source in Zambia to its mouth in the Indian Ocean. The river is an important source of water for many countries in Southern Africa and is home to a diverse range of plant and animal species. Victoria Falls is one of the highlights of the Zambezi River, attracting visitors from all over the world to witness its beauty and power.
The Height of Victoria Falls
The height of Victoria Falls is often debated due to the varying methods of measurement used. The height is usually measured from the top of the falls to the bottom of the gorge, which can be challenging to determine accurately. The height of the falls is affected by the flow rate of the river, which varies throughout the year. The height of Victoria Falls ranges from 80 meters (260 feet) to 108 meters (354 feet) depending on the season.
Measuring the Distance of the Drop
The distance of the drop of Victoria Falls has also been a topic of debate and fascination for many years. The distance is measured from the edge of the falls to the point where the water hits the bottom of the gorge. Measuring the distance accurately can be challenging due to the sheer size and power of the falls. Early measurements were mostly estimates based on visual observations and rough calculations.
The First Measurements and Estimates
The first estimates of the distance of the drop of Victoria Falls were made by David Livingstone, who estimated it to be around 366 meters (1,200 feet). However, Livingstone’s estimate was found to be exaggerated when more accurate measurements were made later. In 1905, the first official measurement was made by a British surveyor, Edward Mohr, who measured the distance to be 108 meters (354 feet).
Modern Techniques for Measuring Distance
Today, modern techniques such as laser rangefinders and GPS are used to measure the distance of the drop of Victoria Falls more accurately. These methods provide precise measurements of the distance to within a few centimeters. The latest measurement of the distance of the drop of Victoria Falls was made in 2019 and found it to be 107 meters (351 feet).
The Official Height and Distance of Victoria Falls
The official height of Victoria Falls is 108 meters (354 feet), and the official distance of the drop is 107 meters (351 feet). These measurements are widely accepted and recognized by the scientific community and tourism industry.
The Impact of Climate Change on Victoria Falls
Climate change is a growing concern for Victoria Falls, as it can affect the flow rate and height of the falls. Changes in rainfall patterns and temperature can impact the river’s water levels, which can affect the height and volume of the falls. It is important to monitor and manage the impact of climate change on Victoria Falls to ensure its long-term sustainability.
Other Waterfalls with Comparable Distance
Victoria Falls is not the only waterfall with a significant distance of drop. Other notable waterfalls with a comparable distance include Niagara Falls (51 meters or 167 feet), Angel Falls (979 meters or 3,212 feet), and Iguazu Falls (82 meters or 269 feet).
Conclusion: Victoria Falls and Its Magnificence
Victoria Falls is a spectacular natural wonder that is a testament to the power and beauty of nature. Its height and distance of drop have been a topic of fascination for many years, and modern techniques have allowed for more accurate measurements. The falls are a significant tourist attraction and a vital source of water for the surrounding region. It is essential to manage the impact of climate change on Victoria Falls to ensure its longevity and continued magnificence for generations to come.
References and Further Reading
- "Victoria Falls." UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2017, whc.unesco.org/en/list/509.
- "Victoria Falls." National Geographic, 2021, www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/africa/zambia/victoria-falls/.
- "Measuring the Height of a Waterfall." The Ohio State University, 2021, eod.osu.edu/how-to-measure-the-height-of-a-waterfall/.
- "Victoria Falls: An Exploration of the River and Its Natural Wonders." Zambezi River Authority, 2018, www.zaraho.org.zm/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Victoria-Falls-booklet.pdf.
