Why the Zambezi River is Famous
The Zambezi River, a major African river, is famous for its stunning beauty and its magnificent waterfalls. The river stretches for over 2,700 km (1,678 miles), flowing through six countries before emptying into the Indian Ocean. The Zambezi River is also home to one of the most impressive waterfalls in the world, the Victoria Falls, which is one of the seven natural wonders of the world. However, the Zambezi River is not just about the Victoria Falls, as it also contains a series of cataracts that are equally impressive and awe-inspiring.
The Location of the Zambezi River
The Zambezi River is located in southern Africa, flowing through six countries: Zambia, Angola, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Mozambique. It is the fourth-longest river in Africa, with a basin that covers an area of approximately 1,390,000 km² (535,000 mi²). The river starts in the highlands of Zambia, and it passes through several significant landmarks before it empties into the Indian Ocean. These landmarks include the Victoria Falls, the Kariba Dam, and the Cahora Bassa Dam, among others.
What is a Cataract?
In geography, a cataract is a steep and rocky stretch of rapids on a river. Cataracts often occur when a river flows over an area of hard, resistant rock, creating a cascade of waterfalls and rapids. Cataracts are different from waterfalls, as waterfalls are formed when a river falls vertically over a cliff. Cataracts are usually found in the upper stretches of a river, where the terrain is steep and rocky.
The Definition of the "Zambezi Cataract"
The Zambezi Cataract is a series of rapids and waterfalls that extend for a distance of approximately 160 km (100 miles) along the Zambezi River. The cataract begins just below the Victoria Falls and ends at the Kariba Gorge. The Zambezi Cataract is known for its stunning beauty, with the river flowing over a series of steep and rocky rapids, forming cascades and waterfalls.
The Height of the Zambezi Cataract
The height of the Zambezi Cataract varies depending on the section of the river. However, the highest cataract is located near the end of the gorge, where the river flows over a series of steep and rocky rapids, creating a waterfall that drops for approximately 200 meters (656 feet). This height makes it one of the highest waterfalls in the world, and it is often referred to as the "Zambezi Falls."
Historical Measurements of the Zambezi Cataract
The first recorded measurement of the Zambezi Cataract was made by the Scottish explorer David Livingstone in 1855. Livingstone estimated the height of the Victoria Falls to be around 108 meters (354 feet). Livingstone also explored the Zambezi River and documented the existence of the numerous cataracts along the river. However, his measurements of the cataracts were not accurate, as he relied on estimates rather than actual measurements.
Modern Measurements of the Zambezi Cataract
Modern measurements of the Zambezi Cataract have been made using laser surveying techniques. These measurements have shown that the height of the Zambezi Cataract varies, with the highest falls dropping over 200 meters (656 feet) near the end of the gorge. The measurements have also shown that the width of the cataract varies, with the widest section being around 2 km (1.2 miles) across.
The Impressive Features of the Zambezi Cataract
The Zambezi Cataract is known for its impressive features, including the steep and rocky terrain, the cascades and waterfalls, and the abundance of wildlife in the surrounding areas. The cataract is also home to several endangered species, including the African elephant, the black rhinoceros, and the African wild dog. The Zambezi Cataract is also home to several species of fish, including the tigerfish, which is a popular game fish in the region.
Visiting the Zambezi Cataract
The Zambezi Cataract can be visited by taking a tour of the Zambezi River. Visitors can take a boat tour or a helicopter tour to see the cataract from different angles. There are also several walking trails that allow visitors to explore the area on foot. The best time to visit the Zambezi Cataract is during the dry season, from June to October, when the water levels are lower, and the cataract is at its most impressive.
The Importance of the Zambezi Cataract
The Zambezi Cataract is not just an impressive natural wonder; it is also an important source of hydroelectric power for the region. The Kariba Dam, which is located on the Zambezi River, generates electricity that is used in several countries in the region. However, the construction of the dam has also had negative impacts on the environment, including the displacement of wildlife and the loss of traditional fishing grounds for local communities.
Conclusion: Preserving the Natural Wonder of the Zambezi Cataract
The Zambezi Cataract is a natural wonder that should be preserved for future generations. It is a source of beauty, inspiration, and economic opportunity for the region. However, it is also important to balance the economic benefits with the need to protect the environment and wildlife in the region. Efforts should be made to reduce the negative impacts of human activity on the Zambezi River and its surrounding areas, ensuring that this natural wonder remains intact for future generations to enjoy.
References and Further Reading
- "Zambezi River." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., n.d. Web. 12 May 2021.
- "Zambezi River." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, n.d. Web. 12 May 2021.
- "Zambezi Cataract." World Waterfall Database. World Waterfall Database, n.d. Web. 12 May 2021.
- "Zambezi River Basin." World Wildlife Fund. World Wildlife Fund, n.d. Web. 12 May 2021.
- "The Kariba Dam." Zambezi River Authority. Zambezi River Authority, n.d. Web. 12 May 2021.
