What is Diwali?
Diwali, also known as Deepavali, is one of the most significant festivals in India and is celebrated by Hindus, Jains, and Sikhs in various parts of the country. The festival is observed for five days, starting from Dhanteras and culminating with Bhai Dooj. Diwali is popularly known as the "festival of lights" and is celebrated with the lighting of diyas (oil lamps), candles, and fireworks.
Historical Background of Diwali
The origin of Diwali can be traced back to ancient India when it was celebrated as a harvest festival. However, the festival gained more significance with the arrival of Lord Rama in Ayodhya after defeating the demon king Ravana. According to the Ramayana, people of Ayodhya lit diyas to welcome Lord Rama back to his kingdom after 14 years of exile. The day of his return is celebrated as Diwali.
The Significance of Five Days
The five-day celebration of Diwali has different significance for each day. Each day is dedicated to a different deity and has a unique significance. The five days of Diwali are Dhanteras, Choti Diwali or Narak Chaturdashi, Diwali or Deepavali, Govardhan Puja or Annakut, and Bhai Dooj or Bhau Beej.
Day 1: Dhanteras
The first day of Diwali, Dhanteras, is dedicated to Lord Dhanvantari, who is believed to be the god of Ayurveda. People buy gold or silver on this day as it is considered auspicious.
Day 2: Choti Diwali or Narak Chaturdashi
The second day of Diwali, Choti Diwali or Narak Chaturdashi, is celebrated to commemorate the victory of Lord Krishna over the demon king Narakasura. People light diyas to ward off evil spirits and perform puja to Lord Krishna.
Day 3: Diwali or Deepavali
The third day of Diwali, Diwali or Deepavali, is the most important day of the festival. It is celebrated to mark the return of Lord Rama to his kingdom Ayodhya after defeating Ravana. People light diyas, burst fireworks, and perform puja to Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity.
Day 4: Govardhan Puja or Annakut
The fourth day of Diwali, Govardhan Puja or Annakut, is celebrated to honor Lord Krishna. People prepare a variety of food items and offer them to Lord Krishna.
Day 5: Bhai Dooj or Bhau Beej
The fifth day of Diwali, Bhai Dooj or Bhau Beej, is dedicated to the bond between brothers and sisters. Sisters perform a puja to their brothers, and brothers give gifts to their sisters.
Mythological Importance of Diwali
Diwali has various mythological stories associated with it, including the victory of good over evil, the return of Lord Rama to his kingdom, and the defeat of Narkasura by Lord Krishna. The festival also marks the celebration of the harvest season.
Religious and Regional Differences
Diwali is celebrated differently in various parts of India and by different religions. For example, Jains celebrate Diwali to mark Lord Mahavir’s attainment of Nirvana, while Sikhs celebrate Diwali to commemorate the release of Guru Hargobind Sahib from jail.
Diwali Celebration in Modern Times
In modern times, Diwali is celebrated with great enthusiasm and zeal across India. People buy new clothes, decorate their homes, and exchange gifts. However, with the increasing concern for the environment, the use of eco-friendly and sustainable products is encouraged.
Conclusion: Importance and Significance of Diwali
Diwali is a festival that symbolizes the victory of good over evil, the return of Lord Rama to his kingdom, and the celebration of the harvest season. The festival is celebrated with great enthusiasm and is marked by the lighting of diyas, bursting of fireworks, and the exchange of gifts. However, it is important to celebrate the festival in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner to preserve the environment.
