Introduction to Kolkata’s Pollution
Kolkata is one of the most populous cities in India and serves as a major cultural and commercial center. While the city is known for its rich history and cultural heritage, it is also notorious for its high levels of pollution. The pollution in Kolkata is a major concern for the city’s residents and the government alike. The article aims to shed light on the percentage of pollution present in Kolkata and the various types of pollution that exist.
Understanding Pollution and its Types
Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment that cause adverse effects on living organisms and the natural world. There are several types of pollution, including air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and noise pollution. Each type of pollution has its unique characteristics and causes, and all have detrimental effects on the environment and human health.
Causes of Pollution in Kolkata
The primary causes of pollution in Kolkata are industrialization, urbanization, and transportation. The city has numerous large and small industries that release harmful pollutants into the air, water, and soil. The increasing population and the growth of the city have led to rampant construction and deforestation, which have contributed to soil erosion and air pollution. Furthermore, the rising number of vehicles on the city’s roads has led to increased air pollution levels.
Air Pollution in Kolkata
Air pollution is a significant problem in Kolkata, with high levels of particulate matter in the air. The primary sources of air pollution in Kolkata are vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, and burning of solid fuels for cooking and heating. The air quality in Kolkata deteriorates during the winter months, with increased instances of smog and haze.
Water Pollution in Kolkata
Kolkata’s water bodies are heavily polluted due to the discharge of untreated sewage and industrial effluents. The city’s main river, the Hooghly, is highly polluted, and the water quality has deteriorated significantly over the years. The pollution of water bodies has led to the spread of water-borne diseases and a decline in aquatic life.
Soil Pollution in Kolkata
Soil pollution in Kolkata is mainly due to industrial and vehicular emissions and improper waste disposal. The city’s soil is contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides, and other toxic substances, which have adverse effects on soil quality and fertility. Soil pollution has a detrimental effect on agriculture and food security.
Noise Pollution in Kolkata
Noise pollution is a growing concern in Kolkata, with high levels of noise pollution in residential areas and on roads. The primary sources of noise pollution are vehicular traffic, construction activities, and industrial activities. Excessive noise pollution leads to hearing loss and other health problems.
Impact of Pollution on Health
The high levels of pollution in Kolkata have adverse effects on human health, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The pollution also affects the mental health of individuals, leading to stress and anxiety.
Government Policies and Control Measures
The government of West Bengal has taken several measures to control pollution in Kolkata. These measures include the implementation of emission standards for vehicles, the installation of air quality monitoring stations, and the enforcement of laws and regulations on industrial emissions and waste disposal.
Measuring Pollution in Kolkata
Pollution in Kolkata is measured using various scientific methods, including air quality monitoring, water quality monitoring, and soil testing. The data obtained from these measurements helps in identifying the sources and levels of pollution in the city.
Percentage of Pollution in Kolkata
According to a study conducted by the State Pollution Control Board, the air pollution levels in Kolkata in 2020 were 3.3 times higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The water quality in Kolkata’s rivers is also highly polluted, with a high concentration of fecal coliform bacteria. The soil pollution levels in Kolkata are also high due to the presence of heavy metals and toxic substances.
Conclusion and Future Outlook
The pollution levels in Kolkata are a significant cause for concern, and the government must take immediate steps to control pollution levels. The implementation of strict regulations and policies is necessary to reduce the levels of pollution in the city. The citizens of Kolkata can also contribute to this effort by adopting sustainable and eco-friendly practices. The future of Kolkata’s environment and the health of its residents depend on the collective efforts of the government and its citizens.
