What country was previously called Russia?
Russia is a country located in Eastern Europe and North Asia, it is one of the largest and most powerful countries in the world. However, it wasn’t always called Russia. Throughout history, the country has gone through several name changes, reflecting its changing political and cultural identity.
The history of Russia’s name
Russia’s name has evolved over the centuries from various Slavic tribes that settled in the region. The name ‘Russia’ was not used until the 15th century, prior to that, the modern-day territory of Russia was inhabited by several Slavic tribes and city-states that went by different names.
Before ‘Russia’: medieval Slavic states
Before the name ‘Russia’ came into use, the region was home to several medieval Slavic states. These included the Principality of Kiev, the Principality of Novgorod, and the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal. These states were often at war with each other and also had to deal with invasions from neighboring Mongol forces.
Kievan Rus: the first Eastern Slavic state
Kievan Rus was the first Eastern Slavic state to emerge in the late 9th century. It was centered in Kiev and included parts of modern-day Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Kievan Rus emerged as a powerful state in the 10th and 11th centuries under the leadership of Prince Vladimir I, who converted to Christianity.
Muscovy: the rise of a united Russian state
In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the Moscow Principality emerged as a powerful state in the region. Under the leadership of Ivan III, Muscovy became a united Russian state and began to expand its territory.
The Russian Empire: expansion and cultural change
In 1721, the Russian Empire was established under the leadership of Peter the Great. The empire expanded its territory through conquest and colonization and became a major power in Europe. The Russian Empire also witnessed significant cultural change, including the adoption of Western European ideas and the creation of a new aristocracy.
Soviet Union: the rise and fall of a socialist superpower
In 1917, the Russian Revolution led to the establishment of the Soviet Union, a socialist state that lasted until 1991. The Soviet Union was a superpower that played a major role in international affairs, but also had a troubled history, including political repression and economic stagnation.
Russian Federation: a new era of political change
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia became the Russian Federation. The country underwent significant political and economic changes in the 1990s, including the privatization of state-owned industries and the adoption of a new constitution.
What do other countries call Russia?
In other languages, Russia is known by different names. For example, in French, it is called ‘Russie’, in Spanish, it is ‘Rusia’, and in German, it is ‘Russland’.
How has the name ‘Russia’ influenced the country’s identity?
The name ‘Russia’ has played an important role in shaping the country’s identity and its relationship with other nations. It has been used to signify both strength and danger, and has been associated with the country’s history, culture, and politics.
Conclusion: Why understanding Russia’s name matters
The history of Russia’s name is a fascinating reflection of the country’s changing identity and its place in the world. Understanding the different names and periods of Russian history can provide valuable insights into its culture, politics, and international relations.
Further reading: books and articles about Russia’s name
- "A Short History of Russia" by Mary Platt Parmele
- "The Birth of the Russian Nation: Kievan Rus to the Mongol Invasion" by Michael C. Paul
- "Russia and the Russians: A History" by Geoffrey Hosking
