Which significant historical events have taken place in Kazakhstan?

Travel Destinations

By Kristy Tolley

A look into Kazakhstan’s history

Kazakhstan, known as the largest landlocked country in the world, is located in Central Asia. The country has a rich and diverse history, with a timeline that goes back thousands of years. The country has been home to various civilizations, empires, and nations, each leaving its mark on the country’s culture, traditions, and history.

Early civilizations: The Scythians and Turks

The earliest known civilization in Kazakhstan is the Scythians, who lived in the area between the 9th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Scythians were nomadic people who were skilled in horseback riding and archery. They left behind artifacts such as weapons, jewelry, and textiles, which have provided insight into their way of life. Another dominant empire in Kazakhstan’s early history was the Turks, who migrated to the region in the 6th century CE. They established the Gokturk Khaganate, which lasted from 552 to 744 CE. The Turks were known for their skilled horsemanship, military prowess, and impressive architecture.

Arrival of Islam: The Kazakh Khanate

Islam arrived in Kazakhstan in the 7th century CE, brought by Arab traders. It slowly spread throughout the region, and by the 16th century, most of the population had converted to Islam. The Kazakh Khanate was established in the 15th century, with the emergence of several Kazakh tribes under the leadership of Khan Kerey and Khan Zhanibek. The Kazakh Khanate became a powerful empire, controlling territories from the Caspian Sea to the Tian Shan Mountains. The Kazakhs were known for their nomadic lifestyle, animal husbandry, and trade with neighboring countries. The Kazakh Khanate lasted until the 18th century, when it was eventually conquered by the Russian Empire.

Russian colonization: The Great Game

The Russian Empire began colonizing Kazakhstan in the 18th century, with the aim of expanding its territory and resources. The colonization led to conflicts between the Russian Empire and the British Empire, known as the Great Game, as both empires sought to control Central Asia. The Russian Empire imposed its authority over the Kazakhs, resulting in the loss of their independence and traditional way of life. The Russian Empire introduced a new economic system, which included the establishment of farmsteads, the confiscation of land, and the forced collectivization of agriculture.

Soviet era: Collectivization and industrialization

In 1917, the Russian Empire was overthrown by the Bolsheviks, who established the Soviet Union. Kazakhstan became a part of the Soviet Union, and the country underwent significant changes. Collectivization of agriculture continued, and the Soviet government forced farmers to abandon their traditional way of life and become part of state-run farms. In the 1930s, Kazakhstan underwent industrialization, with the establishment of factories and mines. The Soviet Union also used Kazakhstan as a testing site for nuclear weapons, leading to severe environmental damage.

World War II: Kazakhstan’s contribution to Victory

During World War II, Kazakhstan played a significant role in the Soviet Union’s victory over Nazi Germany. The country supplied the Soviet army with resources, including fuel, food, and minerals. Kazakhstan also housed many Soviet factories and manufacturing plants that produced weapons, munitions, and other war materials. The country was also a place of refuge for civilians who were displaced by the war. Kazakhstan’s contribution to the war effort is still celebrated today, with monuments, museums, and ceremonies dedicated to the country’s heroes.

Independence: Fall of the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, leading to the independence of Kazakhstan. The country became a sovereign state, with Nursultan Nazarbayev as its first president. Kazakhstan began to implement democratic reforms, and the country became a member of the United Nations in 1992. Kazakhstan’s independence was a significant turning point in the country’s history, allowing it to chart its own path and create its own destiny.

The 1990s: Economic hardships and political instability

During the 1990s, Kazakhstan faced many economic and political challenges. The country experienced hyperinflation, high unemployment, and significant debt. The government struggled to implement economic reforms and stabilize the economy. The country also faced political instability, with several coups and attempted coups taking place during the decade. Despite these challenges, Kazakhstan continued to pursue its path towards democracy, and the country began to see some progress towards the end of the decade.

21st century: Modernization and progress

In the early 2000s, Kazakhstan began a new era of modernization and progress. The government implemented a series of reforms aimed at diversifying the economy, improving infrastructure, and attracting foreign investment. The country also made significant strides in education, healthcare, and social welfare. Kazakhstan became a member of the World Trade Organization in 2015 and has continued to pursue its goal of becoming a developed, prosperous, and democratic country.

Expo 2017: Astana hosts international exhibition

In 2017, Kazakhstan hosted the Expo 2017 international exhibition in Astana. The exhibition focused on the theme of "Future Energy" and attracted participants from over 100 countries. The event showcased Kazakhstan’s commitment to sustainable development and innovation and provided a platform for the country to showcase its achievements and potential.

Borat controversy: Misrepresentation of Kazakhstan

In 2006, the film "Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan" was released, which portrayed Kazakhstan in a negative and inaccurate light. The film led to international controversy and anger in Kazakhstan, as it perpetuated negative stereotypes and misrepresented the country’s culture and people. The Kazakh government denounced the film and even banned it from being shown in the country.

Conclusion: Kazakhstan’s rich and diverse history

Kazakhstan’s history is a testament to the country’s resilience and adaptability. From its early roots as a nomadic people to its current status as a developing nation, Kazakhstan has undergone significant changes and challenges. Despite these challenges, the country has maintained its rich cultural heritage and traditions, and has emerged a stronger and more prosperous nation. Kazakhstan’s history is a story of triumph over adversity, and its future is one of great promise.

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Kristy Tolley

Kristy Tolley, an accomplished editor at TravelAsker, boasts a rich background in travel content creation. Before TravelAsker, she led editorial efforts at Red Ventures Puerto Rico, shaping content for Platea English. Kristy's extensive two-decade career spans writing and editing travel topics, from destinations to road trips. Her passion for travel and storytelling inspire readers to embark on their own journeys.

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